Born:
August 15, 1769
Died:
May 5, 1821
Age:
51
Signature:
Napoleon signature
Summary

Napoléon Bonaparte (/nəˈpoʊliən ˈboʊnəpɑːrt/, French: [napɔleɔ̃ bɔnɑpaʁt]; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. He was Emperor of the French as Napoleon I from 1804 until 1814 and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over much of continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. He is considered one of the greatest commanders in history, and his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has endured as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history.

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First page of the 1804 original edition of the Code Civil
First page of the 1804 original edition of the Code Civil
Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother, as King of Spain
Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother, as King of Spain
Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole, by Baron Antoine-Jean Gros, (ca. 1801), Musée du Louvre, Paris
Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole, by Baron Antoine-Jean Gros, (ca. 1801), Musée du Louvre, Paris
Napoleon Bonaparte, aged 23, Lieutenant-Colonel of a battalion of Corsican Republican volunteers
Napoleon Bonaparte, aged 23, Lieutenant-Colonel of a battalion of Corsican Republican volunteers
General Bonaparte surrounded by members of the Council of Five Hundred during the 18 Brumaire coup d'état, by François Bouchot
General Bonaparte surrounded by members of the Council of Five Hundred during the 18 Brumaire coup d'état, by François Bouchot
Napoleon is often represented in his green colonel uniform of the Chasseur à Cheval, with a large bicorne and a hand-in-waistcoat gesture.
Napoleon is often represented in his green colonel uniform of the Chasseur à Cheval, with a large bicorne and a hand-in-waistcoat gesture.
Napoleon's father Carlo Buonaparte was Corsica's representative to the court of Louis XVI of France.
Napoleon's father Carlo Buonaparte was Corsica's representative to the court of Louis XVI of France.
Statue in Cherbourg-Octeville unveiled by Napoleon III in 1858. Napoleon I strengthened the town's defences to prevent British naval incursions.
Statue in Cherbourg-Octeville unveiled by Napoleon III in 1858. Napoleon I strengthened the town's defences to prevent British naval incursions.
First French Empire at its greatest extent in 1811   French Empire   French satellite states   Allied states
First French Empire at its greatest extent in 1811   French Empire   French satellite states   Allied states
Imperial Standard of Napoleon I
Imperial Standard of Napoleon I
General Bonaparte at the siege of Toulon
General Bonaparte at the siege of Toulon
Napoléon sur son lit de mort (Napoleon on his death bed), by Horace Vernet, 1826
Napoléon sur son lit de mort (Napoleon on his death bed), by Horace Vernet, 1826
Napoleon Crossing the Alps on the back of Marengo (1800), by Jacques-Louis David
Napoleon Crossing the Alps on the back of Marengo (1800), by Jacques-Louis David
The Moscow fire depicted by an unknown German artist
The Moscow fire depicted by an unknown German artist
Napoleon at the Battle of Rivoli, by Philippoteaux
Napoleon at the Battle of Rivoli, by Philippoteaux
British etching from 1814 in celebration of Napoleon's first exile to Elba at the close of the War of the Sixth Coalition
British etching from 1814 in celebration of Napoleon's first exile to Elba at the close of the War of the Sixth Coalition
Napoleon's funeral carriage passes along the Champs-Élysées, engraving by Louis-Julien Jacottet after a drawing by Louis Marchand
Napoleon's funeral carriage passes along the Champs-Élysées, engraving by Louis-Julien Jacottet after a drawing by Louis Marchand
The Persian Envoy Mirza Mohammed Reza-Qazvini meets with Napoleon I at Finckenstein Palace, 27 April 1807, by François Mulard
The Persian Envoy Mirza Mohammed Reza-Qazvini meets with Napoleon I at Finckenstein Palace, 27 April 1807, by François Mulard
Leaders of the Catholic Church taking the civil oath required by the Concordat
Leaders of the Catholic Church taking the civil oath required by the Concordat
The Treaties of Tilsit: Napoleon meeting with Alexander I of Russia on a raft in the middle of the Neman River
The Treaties of Tilsit: Napoleon meeting with Alexander I of Russia on a raft in the middle of the Neman River
Journée du 13 Vendémiaire. Artillery fire in front of the Church of Saint-Roch, Paris, Rue Saint-Honoré
Journée du 13 Vendémiaire. Artillery fire in front of the Church of Saint-Roch, Paris, Rue Saint-Honoré
Adieux de Napoléon à la Garde impériale dans la cour du Cheval-Blanc du château de Fontainebleau [Napoleon's farewell to the Imperial Guard in the White Horse courtyard of the Palace of Fontainebleau] – on 20 April 1814; by Antoine Alphonse Montfort, Palace of Versailles national museum
Adieux de Napoléon à la Garde impériale dans la cour du Cheval-Blanc du château de Fontainebleau [Napoleon's farewell to the Imperial Guard in the White Horse courtyard of the Palace of Fontainebleau] – on 20 April 1814; by Antoine Alphonse Montfort, Palace of Versailles national museum
Napoleon at Wagram, painted by Horace Vernet
Napoleon at Wagram, painted by Horace Vernet
Napoleon returned from Elba, by Karl Stenben, 19th century
Napoleon returned from Elba, by Karl Stenben, 19th century
Napoleon's withdrawal from Russia, a painting by Adolph Northen
Napoleon's withdrawal from Russia, a painting by Adolph Northen
Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz, by François Gérard 1805. The Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was Napoleon's greatest victory, where the French Empire effectively crushed the Third Coalition.
Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz, by François Gérard 1805. The Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was Napoleon's greatest victory, where the French Empire effectively crushed the Third Coalition.
The Coronation of Napoleon by Jacques-Louis David in 1804
The Coronation of Napoleon by Jacques-Louis David in 1804
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