Avigdor Lieberman (Hebrew: אֲבִיגְדוֹר לִיבֶּרְמָן, IPA: [aviɡˈdor ˈliberman], (audio) (help·info), Russian: Эве́т Льво́вич Ли́берман, [ɪˈvɛt lʲˈvovɪt͡ɕ ˈlʲɪbʲɪrmɐn], 5 July 1958) is a Soviet-born Israeli politician who served as the Defense Minister of Israel from 2016 to 2018; on 14 November 2018, he resigned because of a ceasefire in Gaza which he characterized as "surrendering to terror." He served as Israel's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2012, and again from 2013 to 2015. He has also served as member of the Knesset and as Deputy Prime Minister of Israel.